Integrating the Bible in the High School Curriculum Essay

Integrating the Bible in the High School Curriculum - Essay Example This essay stresses that the America of today that is rent by crime and heathen practices is only reflecting the Bible-less policy of years in the recent past, but if the Bible is integrated into the school curriculum now, the America of the next few decades could evolve into a better place, with a greater focus on moral and ethical values rather than hedonistic values that have led to substance abuse. This paper makes a conclusion that there are two major reasons why integrating the Bible into the school curriculum may not only be an excellent option, but may actually be necessary. On the one hand, the Bible is a valuable source of academic learning and would enrich the educational experiences of young people if introduced into the curriculum. It would allow students to explore a fascinating range of historical events and classical literature. Secondly, it would inculcate within them the values of love and forgiveness and bring discipline and focus into their lives through the teaching of moral and ethical values. The Bible contains a wealth of stories that offer profound insights into human nature, and have spawned many offshoots in literature. On an overall basis, student understanding and appreciation of classical literature would be enhanced if the Bible is introduced into the school curriculum. Religious and spiritual instruction that focuses upon the teaching of ethical and moral values through the Bible can only enrich the character of students.

Ideology of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Ideology of Pakistan Essay The ideology of Pakistan stems from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia to maintain their individuality by resisting all attempts by the Hindu society to absorb it. Muslims of South Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religions, but also two social orders that have given birth to two distinct cultures with no similarities. The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process. Historical experience provided the base; with Sir Syed Ahmad Khan began the period of Muslim self-awakening; Allama Iqbal provided the philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in March 1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of Muslims of South Asia that they are different from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates. When they realized that their future in a Democratic India dominated by Hindu majority was not safe; they put forward their demand for a separate state. As early as in the beginning of the 11th century, Al-Biruni observed that Hindus differed from the Muslims in all matters and habits. He further elaborated his argument by writing that the Hindus considered Muslims Mlachha, or impure. And they forbid having any connection with them, be it intermarriage or any other bond of relationship. They even avoid sitting, eating and drinking with them, because they feel polluted. Read more:  Political Issues in Pakistan The Ideology of Pakistan has its roots deep in history. The history of South Asia is largely a history of rivalry and conflict between the Hindus and Muslims of the region. Both communities have been living together in the same area since the early 8th century, since the advent of Islam in India. Yet, the two have failed to develop harmonious relations. In the beginning, one could find the Muslims and Hindus struggling for supremacy in the battlefield. Starting with the war between Muhammad bin Qasim and Raja Dahir in 712, armed conflicts between Hindus and Muslims run in thousands. Clashes between Mahmud of Ghazni and Jaypal, Muhammad Ghuri and Prithvi Raj, Babur and Rana Sanga and Aurangzeb and Shivaji are cases in point. When the Hindus of South Asia failed to establish Hindu Padshahi through force, they opted for back door conspiracies. Bhakti Movement, Akbar’s diversion. IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN WHAT IS AN IDEOLOGY? †¢ A political ideology is a system of beliefs that explains and justifies a preferred political order, either existing or proposed and offers a strategy (Institution, processes, program) for its attainment. †¢ An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, explanation of the present and a vision of the future †¢ Ideology is a set of beliefs, values and ideals of a group and a nation. It is deeply ingrained in the social consciousness of the people. †¢ It is a set of principles, a framework of action and guidance system that gives order and meaning to life and human action. HOW IDEOLOGY EMERGES †¢ When thinking of a nation or a social group is rejected. †¢ An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in the society, and when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them †¢ STEPS OF IDEOLOGY EVOLUTION o Consciousness o Analysis of current situation o Creating new thinking o Legitimate – De-legitimate o Role of Leadership IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY †¢ It is a motivating force †¢ It provides a common plate form.

Change management report on Vodafone plc

Change management report on Vodafone plc Vodafone is highly growing mobile company in the world since 1985. It is worlds leading telecommunication company. Today it has more than 359 million customers around the world. Their network provides facilities to share images and videos, to share feeling and thoughts. Most customers prefer Vodafone as compare to fixed line and broadband services. Vodafone recognized that day to day new things are being inventing and customers needs are changing rapidly. Vodafone understand that to success in business changes must be med in organization. It is looking for new and innovative ways to facilitate the customers and provide every opportunity in simple way. The connectivity of technology with telecommunication industries supports the economic development of a country. ROLE OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION According to researches conducted on many top organizations shows that the main reason for project failure is that peoples have different dimension of change. The effective implementation of change management is considered one of the top three factors in a successful project. Change Management Some simple definitions: Change management: making change in a designed and controlled way. Organizational change: any modification, amendment in people, organizational structure or technology. Types of change: Normally there are four types of change which can be made in any organization: Operational change: Applying changes to way of continuing operations of the business. For example: change from manual to automation of any particular area. Strategic changes: Modifications that take place towards the intentional business direction. Cultural changes: Those change which affect the basic values and beliefs of the organization on which business objective can be achieved. Political changes: These types of changes normally occur in government organization with political influence. DEALING WITH RESISTANCE TO CHANGE People refuse to accept change, whenever management intends to change in organization. Large investment is made for company changes, and for their efforts towards change, the only reason that try to stop the process of change is resistance among employees. Sometimes change may be dangerous for the employees working in organization, but changes also have positive effects at higher level management for advantage of organization. Some of the reasons for resistances are following. in detail should be discussed later. It is obvious that people dont like those changes which are against their needs and interest. There are three main reasons on which people resist change. Hesitation or ambiguity Worry about personal loss Think that the change is not better for organizations objectives. Techniques for reducing resistance: For reducing resistance, different approaches are adapted by management. These approaches may include: Contribution Facilities and support Awareness and education Negotiation Forceful and friendly behavior Different approaches at different times are used by management depends on source and type of modification. ADVANTAGES OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT: The advantages of change management include: Understanding of surrounding: It is important for managers to understand assess the environment and outside surrounding in order to establish better relationship with government and other stakeholders. For change management it will benefit that what is going on in surrounding. Objectives, policy making and completion: Other advantage is that by knowing the impact of change at irrelevant level on internal environment, the managers can set policy and implement change after careful consideration. Human resource: The recipients of the change are the employees of the organization, whenever change is implanted. Senior managers should make organization most reliable for high performance of employees in competitive environment. Technological problems: It is great and tough challenge for organization to acquire and combine the technology with organizations tactic, structure and course of actions. In todays environment, we can say that technology is the heart of economic growth. CHANGES IN VODAFONE Operational change was incorporated by Vodafone in order to achieve operational brilliances in the field of telecommunication industry; the operational change was implemented with greater level of management by Vodafone due to good experiences in telecommunication industry for many years. The continuing process of the organization may me disrupted by unplanned implementation of change ad may discontinue the ongoing operational process. Normally operational changes in organization make modification in work process. People do not want to accept changes because they dont want to change their daily routine of the processes. BEST APPROACH ADOPTED BY VODAFONE Before adopting change, Vodafone shared the methods and consequences of change with employees. Vodafone considers the opinions shared by employees, and other stakeholders with great responsibility. Operational changes: The change was implemented by Vodafone in various sessions. Before implementing change in whole business unit, Firstly the change was implemented in one department of business unit system. The benefit of this is that it provides the opportunity to employees of Vodafone to understand, and recognize the change is occurring around them. This process of implementing change in slow and balances way helps Vodafone employees gain knowledge of new process rapidly and efficiently as possible. For this purpose the operational change was implemented in organized and planned manner by Vodafone. Strategic changes: When there is real and extensive need for strategic change in organization structure, Vodafone realizes and incorporates the strategic change. Strategic changes are very sensitive in internal and external environment, the strategic changes makes strong effects on the strategic policy of the company and in establishing the brand name of the company in the eyes of consumers. The strategic changes were handled by Vodafone for acquiring new marketplace and industries for their satisfaction. The problem faced by Vodafone in handling the change is changing to spirited environment, the ability to change quickly, competently, and fruitfully in all the incidences. These organizational changes may involve in most of the cases different types and levels of loss for the organization and employees. For example, some extra efforts and input from different people are required in every type of change in organization for understanding the change in operation, the employee think that it is waste of time and resources, it can be used any other activity. On the other side most of the employees welcome the change and think that its a learning opportunity, some employees do not want to contribute time and energy required for change unless change is for the benefit of the employee and employees are dissatisfied with the current activities of the organization. Other reason for acceptance of change is some employees may like to discover any decency in the change. IMPORTANCE OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Change management is very important concept. It is an integral part of business management, but due to increase in information technology it creates seriousness. Good business can be operated by good change management system. Change management was very important for Vodafone because it has to compete with other telecommunication organization. Change management is not only to implement the new approach but it also include control of technology infrastructure telecommunication system in which changes are handled with organized, efficient, consistent, precise and limited approach. In Vodafone changes caused fro technology, increase in competition and new facilities which are required by customers. To provide high class of services like multimedia, good voice quality, rapidly connecting with people, high speed GPRS etc, changes are very important for providing these services. REASONS FOR CHANGE: There are many reasons which cause the change in Vodafone. Because the business of the Vodafone is depend on technology, the main factor for change is technology. Some of the other factors are following: Purpose: In todays environment changes are occurring in place of work. It is very important for the organization for the competition with other organizations to remain flexible and find new ways of doing business from which purpose can be achieved. The purpose of Vodafone is to provide competitive facilities to customers, so it causes the change management program. Facilities: The change basically refers adjustment in services and facilities such as new policies, new need of customers, the services provided by competitor, implementing new technology for providing new facilities, change in structure fir providing new facilities, making new departments etc. Vodafone regularly changes the technology and implement the change for providing new facilities. Exterior causes: Organizational change may occur due to pressures of environment like change in market demands, competitors new facility, financial limitation etc. due to technology and competitors new services cause the Vodafone to change the technology and provide new services. Environment: The changes in environment also caused the organization to change such as political influence, legal problems, and availability of resources. Vodafone also needs changes in some services because legal environment may restrict in some conditions. Involvement of third party: The investors may make pressures on management to take actions for improvement, it may cause change. When profits of Vodafone was low in initial stage the investors got involved, that cause a great change in organization structure. Strategy: To increase the business value, the management may consider that to run the business effectively, some changes may be necessary in the strategies to achieve the business objective. REASONS FOR THE COMPANY TO EMBRACE THE CHANGE Those people who see on past and present only, can miss the benefits of future. We can say that change is law of life. Change is unavoidable. Every thing is changing regularly such as world, globe, procedure of business, method of communication etc. most of the people resist the change without analyzing it. The main reason for change e in Vodafone is technology. Due to this reason Vodafone has to change its structure, hire new employee, changes in facilities and services, training to employees, change its working environment. In short the increase in technology development everything has to change for using that technology effectively in Vodafone. CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS: The change management process is the sequence of actions or steps which a change management tam has to follow for applying the change management to a plan or modification. The phases of change management process: The Vodafone must use following change management process model in order to achieve success in implementing change: Phase 1: Preparing for change: In this step the management should first of all describe and explain the change management approach, select the members for team and prepare a change management team, develop finance model. Phase 2: Managing change: It is a detailed planning and it also includes change management implementation. For managing change the change management team should develop plans for change management, and then take necessary actions for implementing those plans. Phase 3: Reinforcing change: This process normally includes data gathering and steps taken for remedial actions. To strength the change the change management team should obtain feedback and evaluate it for effective change implementation, identify gaps, manage resistance, implement remedial action and when change gets success celebrate it. STAKE HOLDERS ANALYSIS The organizational chart and relevant external bodies can be used for identification of the types of stakeholders. Before beginning the project formation it is necessary to identify all the relevant stakeholder groups for ensuring that all the items have covered. After identification the organization should discuss with stakeholders to identify their desires and views, consider them into the overall project requirement. We can say that this step is a consultative approach with each stakeholder to identify different needs, desires and wants of stakeholders and then include them in the project for change management. Considering the significant importance of individuals, their requirements, wants, desires and needs is a susceptible area and most organizations avoid discussing the relevance and importance of the other peoples. If the change management team has decided to discuss with stakeholders then the organization shall determine the best approach or way for implementing change. All stakeholders must e informed and have reasonable knowledge of what is expected form them and about their reaction. After consideration of stake holders level and project requirement level, management tam has the sufficient information of each factor of change plan and these factors contribute in making key decisions. OTHER PROCESS FOR SUCCESSFUL CHANGE: We have many experiences for change which we have faced during work and life, then why in initiating change struggle most off the organization fail. We observe that only 20% to 25% changes get success. The change is very important to remain competitive in the market. Due to nature of the business of Vodafone it is necessary for it to remain flexible and make modifications regularly. Whether the change is of an amalgamation or acquisition, reformation, main system implementation, or a shift. Change management is becoming a desirable main proficiency for businesses, it enable in achieving competitive improvement supported by their capability to change rapidly, and help in maintaining high performance and confidence. There are following key steps to ensure successful change: Establish an unambiguous business underlying principle: Normally organizational change resulted from a business requirement or opportunity. The ambiguous in the underlying principles results in plan that seep away from their objective, gradually withdraw. For doing change every organizational proposal should be combined with business case. In this way the fluctuations in business situation can not be caused by change struggle. The features of change in business policy can only result in alteration or amendment in change proposal. Review organizational promise: It motivates the employees to alter work. To ensure successful change the organization should know employees issues, determine their willingness, and study existing barriers. Determine and express obvious outcomes: For improving organizational performance, workers satisfaction, faithfulness and efficiency, take some actions and be brave in stating them to achieve change. The organizations should attempt to determine in order to take appropriate action for successful change. Normally most of the organizations gauge satisfaction levels, not gauge the behaviors which will normally made from satisfaction. In every case we support our customers with organizational change whether the desired outcomes are quantifiable on not. Put out the change: To success in this step some of the approaches must be followed. These approaches depend upon: content of change nature of change culture of organization Some of the specific approaches are following: A complete development plan should be developed which starts from the change stage to point where results are able to seen. Organizations existing system and policies should be connected with the change efforts, if possible, and spontaneously make it as part of organizations structure and policy and procedures. For confirming the success of people in change situation, necessary performance support must be provided. Above four steps basically cover the route for efforts in successful change. For success of the organizational change, there are also two extra continuing activities. Managing organizational culture Recovery from problems of individual and organization RECOMMENDATIONS: Vodafone should focus on long term business problem solution Vodafone should consider the stakeholders both internally as well as externally (at local level) for improvements in future and managing change Vodafone should: provide training to employees dealing with customers and handling query Vodafones current status of compliance with code of conduct should be available at local operating corporations Vodafone should use the technique for reducing resistance and provide the employees any kind of incentive for accepting change For achieving success in change implementation, Vodafone should adopt change management process. Vodafone should determine the reasons for change and make analysis for their solution. Vodafone should also consider both the advantages and disadvantages of current system and desired system. Before any modification, Vodafone should know the stakeholders who will be affected from change and discuss with them for a better result. Vodafone should observe the reasons for change and consider how these caused influence the organization. CONCLUSION: This report contained change management aspects of Vodafone and some general concepts. There are many approaches for change management provided by different theorist. One of the best approaches for Vodafone which they have applied is apply the operational change in different sessions. The change management plays very important role in organization because change is unavoidable. Every thing is continuously changing for example technology, our communication style, need of customers etc. so the organization should know the importance of change and for achieving desired result considers the how we can achieve desired result by changing ay aspect of the organization. There are commonly four types of change. In this report we analyzed the two changes in Vodafone and their approaches. Employees refuse to accept change because there may be ambiguity in reporting or hesitation among employees or think that change is wastage of time and resources or the change is not better for the organizatio ns objectives. For getting success in implement ting change the Vodafone can follow the change management process which contains three steps. For changing effective it is a good tool for preparing, managing and making the change. Its steps include preparing for change (select members for change management teal and define the change), managing change (development of plan and then implementation of change by using those plans) and reinforcing change (obtain feedback, identify gaps, take remedial action for implementation). Another model for successful change may include these steps. First establishment of a clear business rule or underlying principle, then determine the outcomes, review the promises impliedly or expressly done by the organization and in final stage carry out the change. The main cause for change in Vodafone is that the needs of customers and the services of the competitors are regularly changing, so for serving the customers and fulfilling the needs of customers and c ompete with the other organizations it is necessary for the Vodafone to modify its services. Other factors also cause the change in Vodafone which may include the purpose because it was very difficult for Vodafone to achieve its purposes easily so it becomes reason for change, another reason is the change in facilities, external causes and environmental conditions cause the situation for change, third party intervention in performing procedures for achieving desired result change in strategy causes the overall change in the organization. For future success in change management the Vodafone should consider both stakeholders internally and externally, observe the influence of environment, consider advantages and disadvantages, discuss with all effectors and should introduce incentive plan for reducing resistance.

Online Newspaper Vs. Print Version -- essays research papers

Newspaper designers have a huge canvas to play with. Their designs can be striking and yet intricate and pack much more impact than a web page; especially because the entire double-page spread is in-your-face in a fraction of a second. Wham, here's the news. The page in the figure is a great example of the possibilities in print: a large, high-resolution map sets the stage for a story about Chile and does double duty as an information graphic for several data nuggets. More data is visualized in smaller graphics around the page. And, of course, there is room for a large amount of text that is set in high-resolution type and nicely integrated with the headlines and graphics in a pleasing over-all layout that allows the eye to move from overview to details in a fraction of a second. The above image does not do justice to the awards book which is printed in super-high resolution on heavy-duty glossy paper. In the book, it is possible to actually read the body text on the page. For online, I had to squeeze the JPEG quality down quite a bit in order to achieve the required 10-second download time for modem users. Another benefit of print! Dimensionality Print design is 2-dimensional, with much attention paid to layout. It is obviously possible for the reader to turn the page, but substantial interplay between different spreads is rare. Typically, each view is a design unit created for a fixed size canvas - often a big canvas when designing newspapers or posters. In contrast, Web design is simultaneously 1-dimensional and N-dimensional. A web page is fundamentally a scrolling experience for the user as opposed to a canvas experience. A small amount of 2-dimensional layout is possible, but not to the extent of creating a pre-planned experience with a fixed spatial relationship between elements. Users often begin scrolling before all elements have been rendered, and different users will scroll the page in different ways throughout their reading experience. Precise placement of elements on a web page goes against the nature of HTML and can only be achieved to an approximation for pages that are able to adjust to different window sizes. Thus, 2-dimensional relationships between page elements are less important than 1-dimensional relationships (what's early on the page; what's later on the page). Navigation The N-dimensional aspect of web design follows fr... ...esign approaches to utilize the strengths of each medium and minimize its weaknesses. Print design is based on letting the eyes walk over the information, selectively looking at information objects and using spatial juxtaposition to make page elements enhance and explain each other. Web design functions by letting the hands move the information (by scrolling or clicking); information relationships are expressed temporally as part of an interaction and user movement. With better hardware, differences in terms of appearance and layout may diminish. At the same time, more powerful software and a better understanding of interactive information objects will increase the differences in terms of interaction and user control. Current web designs are insufficiently interactive and have extremely poor use of multimedia. It is rare to see a web animation that has any goal besides annoying the user. Print design is highly refined, as evidenced by glancing through the recent book of award-winning designs. Web design is impoverished because too many sites strive for the wrong standards of excellence that made sense in the print world but do not make sufficient advances in interactivity.

Cultural Change and Shifting Views of America Essay

The Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 was a huge event! Not only because the World’s fair is a big deal, but this particular World’s fair was a hard one for Chicago to get. Many other big cities put in their bids to host the event, including New York and Washington D.C. On May 1, 1893, the gates opened at the World’s Columbian Exposition. This fair which was meant to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’ first voyage also served as a showcase for a fully rebuilt Chicago. †At the core of the fair was an area that quickly became known as the White City for its buildings with white stucco siding and its streets illuminated by electric lights† (Maranzani, 2013). The Ashcan school was a group of New York city artists who wanted to capture the turn of the 20th century in New York city through realistic portraits of everyday life. These artists captured all aspects. Not just the rich and promising on Fifth Avenue, but the lower class and culturally textured immigrants. Some critics of the time did not like their choice of subjects which often included slums, alleys, and taverns that were frequented by the local working class. The Gilded age was a time when many changes in America were taking place. The economy was flourishing and so was art. Painters were depicting a realistic look at all the glories and hardships of the new age. Wealthy Americans wanted to fill their homes with beautiful things and yearned to have their image captured for posterity by having their portraits painted. These two times have something in common. Both include art that depicted realism and the things going on around them. While both covered the high and the low times, the gilded age was a postwar era that marked a cultural change for the country. Painters in this era like Winslow Homer gained fame for realistic illustrations of the Civil War. Culture inspires art. A lot of artist paint what they know or the things around them. Culture survives man through many things such as, music,  poetry, sculptures, architecture, etc. These things are all art. Think back to the ancient times that we study. Hieroglyphics were a form of communication which used pictures to convey messages. This is part of Egyptian culture, yet it is art at the same time. Art and culture is how humanity makes sense of and shares the world around us. References Maranzani, B., (2013). 7 Things You May Not Know About the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-1893-chicago-worlds-fair U.S History, (n.d.). Painting the Gilded Age. Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/us/38f.asp Boundless, (n.d.), The Rise of Realism. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/race-empire-and-culture-in-the-gilded-age-1870-1900-21/the-rise-of-realism-161/the-rise-of-realism-861-10326/

Strategic business management and planning The WritePass Journal

Strategic business management and planning Introduction Strategic business management and planning Introduction1. Milton Friedman and profit maximisation:â€Å"The Business of Business is Business†2. Charles Hendy’s Stakeholder view:3. The new capitalists:Conclusion:Conflict and Influence:Power:Tata steel:Vision and mission:MISSION:Conclusion:THE METROPOLITAN POLICE: Villeroy Boch  Ã‚  Ã‚   UNIQUENESS:   Conclusion:REFERANCES:Related Introduction 1. Milton Friedman and profit maximisation: â€Å"The Business of Business is Business† Employees are very use full tool in any organisation, they are the one who have the direct contact with the consumers / customers and through their skills (which are provided by the organisations) they communicate with customers by providing them the end product or services, who bring the cash flow and profit in the organisation. So then the organisation can accomplish its goals and objectives in order to flourish. Organisations facilitate people with job opportunities then these people become the employee of that particular organisation, and then again organisations provide their employees the other relevant facilities like wages and job security, and in return these employees work hard and full fill the organisational responsibilities and help organisations to grow. This all process helps the society to retain its social balance. We can say organisations and businesses are helping the society by providing the job opportunities for the people so they can participate in their social responsibilities. But the main reason for any organisation to exist is to make profit and then more profit, by providing tangible or intangible products to their customers according to their needs, if the customers are satisfy with the products or with the services, the organisations or businesses will make profit. But if the customers are not satisfied with it they will go somewhere else in order to satisfy their needs and to get the better value for their money. Same thing apply to the employees of any organisation, if employees are very satisfy with the organisational facilities, they will become the loyal employees, work hard and feel like motivated and they help to achieve the organisational goals and objectives. But if the employees are not satisfied with facilities provided by any organisation or business, they will leave it and work somewhere else in order to be satisfy. 2. Charles Hendy’s Stakeholder view: Organisations use the shareholder’s (investors) money to start it or to do any business then it involves the suppliers who provide the raw materials, employees who work within the organisation and then the customers who buy the end product and bring the cash flow in the business. We can say it a cycle of investing, selling and bringing profit. So the shareholders can receive their money back with dividend. Shareholders always want the big chunk of the profits in dividends but the board of directors want to keep the most of the profit and pay less in dividends, so they enhance the organisation and reinvest in the business and try to become the leader or try to do better in future. Anybody who has any kind of interest with any organisation is called a stakeholder. It could be the individuals, groups or the different organisations as well if they are affected by it or affect the actions and decisions of the organisation. In very simple way we can say that, shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, financial institutes, Government and society, all are stakeholders. Shareholders are always very interested in any kind of decision which effect that dividends that they receive from the profits, but any other decision which reduce the dividend even by a fiction, will not be popular with the shareholders. Employees are the best tool in any organisation in order to generate the profit, so the organisational views, goals and objects should be very clear to them. Suppliers always want to get the regular orders with punctual payment and it can easily effected by the decisions made by the organisations. Customers always want the better value for their money, they always be concerned by the organisational decisions which affect the quality and price of the end products. Financial institutes will try to influence the organisations to get big loans for long periods of time. Government will make new laws and passes the legislations which effects the business and also play a role in decision making. Societies and communities can be effected in many ways by the decision making for an organisation. 3. The new capitalists: There are many organisations and businesses around the world which are funded by the pensioner’s money. Government invest tax payer’s money in many different organisations, businesses and companies all over the world in order to support the pensioners in the society. In this way many times government play a part as a shareholder, when these companies make profits government take its dividend as a shareholder and pay to the pensioners. Conclusion: In first view, the employees are use full tool for generating and maximising the profit for organisations. Stakeholders are very important for any organisation in order to invest or run an organisation and to keep a balance within the society. But in my views an organisation should really serve the stakeholders, they are the one who invest in it, run it and then bring back the cash flow in the form of profit. Q. What are the implications of these differing views for Manager’s development of organisational strategy? A: managers are the agents of stake holders. They represent the stake holder’s needs, expectations, and values. Managers are the basic aspect of an organisation. The basic conflict raises the organisation when the agents, managers put their own views and values ahead of the stakeholder’s values and views and they try to demolish or violate their basic rights. If we keep in mind any of the view mentioned above , in any of the view the stakeholders might be different but they play and have an important role in an organisation, so their needs and expectations needs to be accomplished for the success and progress of the organisation. But some time these rights are violated when the managers put themselves ahead of the stakeholders. Organisations goals and objectives must be coordinated with the stakeholder’s needs and expectations, so that no conflict must rise and every one must be given priority according to their place in the company. Managers are the middle people, they stand in between the goals and objectives of the organization and the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. So the responsibility is on the shoulders of the managers to keep the balance in any of the view mentioned above. Q. â€Å"Stakeholders represent more challenges than opportunities†. Appraise the conflicting needs, power and influence of stakeholders. A: Stakeholder groups are not usually homogeneous, but contain a variety of subgroups with some-what different expectations and power. Most stakeholder group consist of large numbers of individuals (such as customers and stakeholders) and hence can be thought of largely independently of the expectations of individuals within the group. In some cases it consist of a small number of individuals or even single individual (the chairman of the company or minister of the government department). {Exploring corporate strategy; Text and Cases} Any individual or a group of individuals have any kind of interest in any organisation or business is called Stakeholder. These all stakeholders can have a very deep impact on the organisations through their different needs, demands, power and interest, organisations exists to make profits by satisfying the stakeholders. i.Shareholders  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ii. Employee  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   iii. Suppliers iv. Customers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   v. Financial Institutes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vi. Government vii. Society Conflict and Influence: These all different groups of stakeholders have different kinds of interest in the organisations sometimes it could be common and sometimes it could be different. For example in common interest employees and shareholders both have the common interest, which is the success of the organisation and profits which leads to the high dividend for the shareholders and job security for the employees, in the same way suppliers have the interest in expansion and success of the organisation. And in conflicting interest, if an organisation is making profits, wages will rise and it is an expense of dividend but shareholder will not like it. Sometimes organisational growth could be expense of the local community or the environment in general. Organisations have to do the strategic planning for their better future so they can void most elements that can affect it in the future. For example External Pressures (competitors, customers, suppliers, pressure groups and government) and Internal Pressure (managers, managerial commitments, employees and unions). Government can influence the organisations by bringing the new laws, high taxation or by changing the existing laws. Power: Internal stakeholders has a great influence on the organisations because of the authorities and power they have. If the internal stakeholders are satisfy with the facilities and organisational environment/atmosphere , where they work the conditions are good, they will enjoy being working in this kind of environment, but if it is not they can disrupt the organisational plans. Sometimes they can bring uncertainty in the plans and all the organisations needs and depends on the stakeholders. Internal stakeholders have power to delay the performance of strategy and they can threaten the organisational actions or they might refuse to work somewhere else. Shareholders rights to vote and selling their share can make an organisation very vulnerable to make progress. Financial institutes can refuse credit because of organisation’s bad credit history, they can charge high interests or even can take some legal actions for non-payment and in very extreme conditions initiate moves to liquid ate the organisation. Suppliers can demand for high prices in future or even can refuse credit. Customers, who brings the cash flow in the organisations and keep it alive, can go somewhere else where they can get better value for their money, which is not a good sign for any organisation. Government has the power to change any law or to bring the new laws which can affect the progress of an organisation, increasing the taxation, government spending and more legal action can disrupt the future strategies of any organisation. Environmental pressure groups has power to motivate the external stakeholders refusing to buy products/goods or services or by publicising organisational activities as unacceptable. Q. How can organisations manage shareholder conflicts and handle issue of ethics, corporate governance and regulation? A. Corporate Governance: â€Å"Corporate Governance refers to the influence and power of stakeholders to control the strategic direction of the organisation in general and more specifically, the chief executive and other senior officers of the organisation†;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   {Corporate Strategy. Richard Lynch} â€Å"Corporate Governance is a key element in enhancing investor confidence, promoting competitiveness, and ultimately improving economic growth†. (James Wolfensohn, president of World Bank) Corporate governance have a very close relationship with strategy arises from the opportunities given the senior level management to influence the future goals, objects and purpose of the organisation. This senior level management or managers are generally the directors of the organisations. Sometimes public bodies can also have structures of corporate governance and it helps to cover the major issues of any non-profitable sector including the monitoring of the public services, quality and the value for the money achieve by tax payer and charity givers. Corporate governance’s main priority is to protect the shareholders of any organisation, it also helps to protect the overall status of an organisation and its objects against deceitful activities by its directors and officers. In the best interest of an organisation, its business and its shareholders, the directors must always make decisions without bias. Because they are the one who are responsible of the success of an organisation and bring the maximum profit for its shareholders. It should be done ethically and according to the laws and regulations of the framework of the organisation. Corporate governance gives strong confidence to the shareholders that organisation is   being well monitored and directors are performing in the way they should. â€Å"Corporate governance is a broad term that has to do with the manner in which the rights and responsibilities are shared among owners, managers and shareholders of a given company. In essence, the exact structure of the corporate governance will determine what rights, responsibilities, and privileges are extended to each of the corporate participants, and to what degree each participant may enjoy those rights. Generally, the foundation for any system of corporate governance will be determined by several factors, all of which help to form the final form of governing the company†.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   { wisegeek.com/what-is-corporate-governance.htm} Corporate governance plans different strategies to achieve the shareholders satisfaction. It helps to build the commitment between the managers and shareholders regarding the organisational goals and objectives. It provides a flow of positive information and disaggregation of financial information. Finally the target of maximizing shareholder’s wealth helps planned a strategy and sets valuable objectives for managerial decisions. â€Å"The value of the organisation need to be reflected in its purpose and possibly its mission statement, even the absence of value in the mission itself about the organisation and its view about its role in society, such matters may well reflect the role that the organisation sees itself playing in society, if any, and the responsibilities that flow from this†Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   {Corporate Strategy, Richard Lynch} Ethical contemplation may influence corporate strategy at a numbers of levels. For some particular organisations it can be diverse, it doesn’t apply only that how an organisation dealt with its competitors or world at large but it also apply on the many other individuals, who are related with this particular organisation. It can be a customer or a worker. Ethical issues play a key part in the success of any organisation. Any organisation can achieve a good or bad reputation simply the way it behaves with its customers or individuals. Some organisations believe what they are only for making the profits, and ignore their ethical and social responsibilities. They think that the society is quite capable of looking after itself and just concentrate on looking after their shareholders.   but on the other hands some believe that they have a responsibilities and role beyond this. This kinds of views in long term are beneficial for the organisation and for the shareholders. These vie ws and mission statement helps for the good provisions for workers, strong ethical beliefs and standards and sponsorship of outside initiatives. In every society such considerations are sometimes unavoidable. These considerations may be very important to perform in that society such as environmental issues that goes beyond legal limits. Maximising of profits or money making is not wrong but it is the way in which some organisation act, and that brings the problem of ethical responsibility/behaviour. The concern of ethics is part of the professionalization of organisations, like welfare of the staff, job security and good environment for staff and customers. Ethical issues are very sensitive and should be dealt with in a highly professional manner. By dealing with ethical issues that an organisation is facing, managers are better able to understand and classify their own moral beliefs. Q: Critically analyse the content and relevance of the mission statements for each of the three different organisations (Pg165), with regards to their goals values and objectives. Tata steel: The history to Tata Steel is more than one hundred year old and was the vision and hardship of a single man, â€Å"Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata†. It is also known as TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited). It largest steel company in India and it world’s fifth largest steel company. It took a very long and difficult time to Tata steel to reach at this stage as it is now. Over the daces this company has manage to build up different avenues of effective steel exploitation and predictable intelligence in more than one way. In the days of industrial revolution Tata steel was struggling but the modern scientific methods from the west, helps Tata steel a lot to survive and it is now recognised as a leader in steel industry in India. Vision and mission: â€Å"We aspire to be the global steel industry benchmark for Value Creation and Corporate Citizenship.† Vision Our people, by fostering team work, nurturing talent, enhancing leadership capability and action with pace, pride and passion. Our offer, by becoming the supplier of choice, delivering premium products and services, and creating value for our customers. Our innovative approach, by developing leading edge solutions in technology, processes and products. Our conduct, by providing a safe working place, respecting the environment, caring for our communities and demonstrating high ethical standards. MISSION: Consistent with the vision and values of founder Jamsetji Tata, Tata Steel strives to strengthen India’s industrial base through the effective utilization of staff and materials. The means envisaged to achieve this are high technology and productivity, consistent with modern management practices. Tata steel recognizes that while honesty and integrity are the essential ingredients of a strong and stable enterprise, profitability provides the main spark for economic activity. Overall, the Company seeks to scale the heights of excellence in all that it does in an atmosphere free from fear, and thereby reaffirms its faith in democratic values. {www.tatasteel.com} Conclusion: In Tata Steel’s vision and mission statement it is very clear that this organisation is not only concentrating on profit maximisation to keep the shareholders happy but it seems to be very promising about the ethical standard, working conditions and facilities for their workers. This is the key point for any organisation to survive and flourish for a long time. Tata steel manage to survive over a hundred years by their great commitment to becoming the first choice as a supplier by providing the best products, services and creating the value for their customers, by using the modern technology to process their products. In all these processes they are concern about the environment and communities too. By keeping a good reputation in industrial territory, they are building a good image of India in all over the world. Tata steel’s main object is to become a leader in steel industry by suing all its available resources in an excellent manor and keep happy to all its existing customers and make new customers to bring the maximum profit by keeping its workers satisfy. It is a very challenging object but not impossible. THE METROPOLITAN POLICE: Every country and society have their own police officers, they are there to protect the people and their properties. Police works under the government in order to keep a peace and stability in the society. Government make laws for the betterment of the society and police enforce it, so the communities and societies can benefit. It is very challenging job, they have to be ready all the time for anything might happen. They have authority to catch any body if they are breaking the law or making threats for the society. In all police are there to keep a balance in the community so that people can relax. But in my country satiation is completely upside down. There police can arrest anybody criminal or innocent, in order to take bribe. Mission: Working together for a safer London Increasing public confidence and satisfaction Preventing and reducing crime, disorder and vulnerability Increasing safety and security Improving quality of service Being efficient and effective Values: Working together with all our citizens, all our partners, all our colleagues: We will have pride in delivering quality policing, there is no greater priority We will build trust by listening and responding We will respect and support each other and work as a team We will learn from experience and find ways to be even better  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   {www.met.police.uk} Metropolitan Police is a non-profitable organisation and its purpose is to meet the needs of people in the community through their services. Like all other organisations, Met police have its own motivations, goals and objects to achieve, which are stated in their mission statement. A non-profitable organisation means, an organisation which is not concern about distributing the dividends to its owners but doing good work and providing the relevant services within the communities. In this case Met Police is helping to provide the safer living standard to the communities. By providing these services Met police does not ask for anything in return from communities, almost everybody who is working within this organisation get paid by the government, apart from the volunteer workers, who work with this organisation just for their inner satisfaction only. Villeroy Boch  Ã‚  Ã‚   Villeroy Boch is a very old company and its history goes back to 1748. It started in a village of Audun-le-Tiche in Duchy of Lorraine by Francois Boch. In the beginning it stared manufacturing ceramic tableware, plates, cups, pots and tureens, in simple shapes but excellent quality. This company has achieve the international reputation through its commitment and focusing the quality of its products and still focusing on the better quality life style products. This company have its own reputation regarding to its high quality and brand name and generate the annual sale of Euro 715 million in 2009. VISION: Villeroy Boch’s vision is to â€Å"be the leading European lifestyle brand with high competence and trend-setting style for high-end design and living.† It is very clear that Villeroy Boch want to be a European leader by providing their customer good quality products. Its focus is to satisfy its customers need and demand. UNIQUENESS:    Its all-inclusive approach and high degree of diversification which are focused on the two concept areas â€Å"the single-source bathroom and the completely laid table Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. Product Innovations Design competence Focus on customer’s demands and choice Leader in lifestyle brand Conclusion: As it is a European leader it has to be very innovative and creative in order to survive and maintain its position in the market, it has high quality, high purchase products so it has to satisfy its customers. It is a customer valued organisation, the products and the services that are provided to customers or consumers, their needs and expatiations, values and choices are kept in mind. It has very unique resource of research to keep   its reputation as a leader in the market and giving priority and keeping focus to its customer’s choices which is kept changing according to the time. REFERANCES: 1. Exploring corporate strategy; Text and Cases 2. Corporate Strategy. Richard Lynch 3. James Wolfensohn, president of World Bank 4. www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corporate-governance.htm 5. www.tatasteel.com 6. www.met.police.uk 7.www.villeroy-boch.com

What Everyone Should Know About the Vietnam War

What Everyone Should Know About the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was the prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the United States (with the aid of the South Vietnamese) attempting to prevent the spread of communism. Engaged in a war that many viewed as having no way to win, U.S. leaders lost the American publics support for the war. Since the end of the war, the Vietnam War has become a benchmark for what not to do in all future U.S. foreign conflicts. Dates of the Vietnam War: 1959 April 30, 1975 Also Known As: American War in Vietnam, the Vietnam Conflict, Second Indochina War, War Against the Americans to Save the Nation Ho Chi Minh Comes Home There had been fighting in Vietnam for decades before the Vietnam War began. The Vietnamese had suffered under French colonial rule for nearly six decades when Japan invaded portions of Vietnam in 1940. It was in 1941 when Vietnam had two foreign powers occupying them, that communist Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh arrived back in Vietnam after spending 30 years traveling the world. Once Ho was back in Vietnam, he established a headquarters in a cave in northern Vietnam and established the Viet Minh, whose goal was to rid Vietnam of the French and Japanese occupiers. Having gained support for their cause in northern Vietnam, the Viet Minh announced the establishment of an independent Vietnam with a new government called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945. The French, however, were not willing to give up their colony so easily and fought back. For years, Ho had tried to court the United States to support him against the French, including supplying the U.S. with military intelligence about the Japanese during World War II. Despite this aid, the United States was fully dedicated to their Cold War foreign policy of containment, which meant preventing the spread of communism. This fear of the spread of communism was heightened by the U.S. domino theory, which stated that if one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism then surrounding countries would also soon fall. To help prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist country, the U.S. decided to help France defeat Ho and his revolutionaries by sending the French military aid in 1950. Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion at Dien Bien Phu in north-west Vietnam, the site of a major battle between the French and the Vietminh in 1954. Ernst Haas/Getty Images France Steps Out, U.S. Steps In In 1954, after suffering a decisive defeat at Dien Bien Phu, the French decided to pull out of Vietnam. At the Geneva Conference of 1954, a number of nations met to determine how the French could peacefully withdraw. The agreement that came out of the conference (called the Geneva Accords) stipulated a cease-fire for the peaceful withdrawal of French forces and the temporary division of Vietnam along the 17th parallel (which split the country into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam). In addition, a general democratic election was to be held in 1956 that would reunite the country under one government. The United States refused to agree to the election, fearing the communists might win. With help from the United States, South Vietnam carried out the election only in South Vietnam rather than countrywide. After eliminating most of his rivals, Ngo Dinh Diem was elected. His leadership, however, proved so horrible that he was killed in 1963 during a coup supported by the United States. Since Diem had alienated many South Vietnamese during his tenure, communist sympathizers in South Vietnam established the National Liberation Front (NLF), also known as the Viet Cong, in 1960 to use guerrilla warfare against the South Vietnamese. First U.S. Ground Troops Sent to Vietnam As the fighting between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese continued, the U.S. continued to send additional advisers to South Vietnam. When the North Vietnamese fired directly upon two U.S. ships in international waters on August 2 and 4, 1964 (known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident), Congress responded with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. This resolution gave the president the authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam. President Lyndon Johnson used that authority to order the first U.S. ground troops to Vietnam in March 1965. President Johnson Announces Retaliation for Gulf of Tonkin Incident.   Historical/Getty Images Johnsons Plan for Success President Johnsons goal for U.S. involvement in Vietnam was not for the U.S. to win the war, but for U.S. troops to bolster South Vietnams defenses until South Vietnam could take over. By entering the Vietnam War without a goal to win, Johnson set the stage for future public and troop disappointment when the U.S. found themselves in a stalemate with the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong. From 1965 to 1969, the U.S. was involved in a limited war in Vietnam. Although there were aerial bombings of the North, President Johnson wanted the fighting to be limited to South Vietnam. By limiting the fighting parameters, the U.S. forces would not conduct a serious ground assault into the North to attack the communists directly nor would there be any strong effort to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Viet Congs supply path that ran through Laos and Cambodia). Life in the Jungle U.S. troops fought a jungle war, mostly against the well-supplied Viet Cong. The Viet Cong would attack in ambushes, set up booby traps, and escape through a complex network of underground tunnels. For U.S. forces, even just finding their enemy proved difficult. Since Viet Cong hid in the dense brush, U.S. forces would drop Agent Orange or napalm bombs, which cleared an area by causing the leaves to drop off or to burn away. In every village, U.S. troops had difficulty determining which, if any, villagers were the enemy since even women and children could build booby traps or help house and feed the Viet Cong. U.S. soldiers commonly became frustrated with the fighting conditions in Vietnam. Many suffered from low morale, became angry, and some used drugs. Troops Fighting during the Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War. Bettmann/Getty Images Surprise Attack - The Tet Offensive On January 30, 1968, the North Vietnamese surprised both the U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese by orchestrating a coordinated assault with the Viet Cong to attack about a hundred South Vietnamese cities and towns. Although the U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese army were able to repel the assault known as the  Tet Offensive, this attack proved to Americans that the enemy was stronger and better organized than they had been led to believe. The  Tet Offensive  was a turning point in the war because President Johnson, faced now with an unhappy American public and bad news from his military leaders in Vietnam, decided to no longer escalate the war. Nixons Plan for Peace With Honor In 1969,  Richard Nixon  became the new U.S. president and he had his own plan to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam.   President Nixon  outlined a plan called Vietnamization, which was a process to remove U.S. troops from Vietnam while handing back the fighting to the South Vietnamese. The withdrawal of U.S. troops began in July 1969. To bring a faster end to hostilities, President Nixon also expanded the war into other countries, such as Laos and Cambodia- a move that created thousands of protests, especially on college campuses, back in America. To work toward peace, new peace talks began in Paris on January 25, 1969. When the U.S. had withdrawn most of its troops from Vietnam, the North Vietnamese staged another massive assault, called the  Easter Offensive  (also called the Spring Offensive), on March 30, 1972. North Vietnamese troops crossed over the demilitarized zone (DMZ) at the 17th parallel and invaded South Vietnam. The remaining U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese army fought back. Representatives from the four factions of the Vietnam War meet in Paris to sign a peace agreement. Bettmann/Getty Images The Paris Peace Accords On January 27, 1973, the peace talks in Paris finally succeeded in producing a cease-fire agreement. The last U.S. troops left Vietnam on March 29, 1973, knowing they were leaving a weak South Vietnam who would not be able to withstand another major communist North Vietnam attack. Reunification of Vietnam After the U.S. had withdrawn all its troops, the fighting continued in Vietnam. In early 1975, North Vietnam made another big push south which toppled the South Vietnamese government. South Vietnam officially surrendered to communist North Vietnam on April 30, 1975. On July 2, 1976, Vietnam was reunited as a  communist country, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Womens Suffrage Leader

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Women's Suffrage Leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12, 1815–October 26, 1902) was a leader, writer, and activist in the 19th-century womens suffrage movement. Stanton often worked with Susan B. Anthony as the theorist and writer, while Anthony was the public spokesperson. Fast Facts: Elizabeth Cady Stanton Known For: Stanton was a leader in the womens suffrage movement and theorist and writer who worked closely with Susan B. Anthony.Also Known As: E.C. StantonBorn: November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, New YorkParents: Margaret Livingston Cady and Daniel CadyDied: October 26, 1902 in New York, New YorkEducation: At home, the Johnstown Academy, and the Troy Female SeminaryPublished Works and Speeches:  Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments (co-drafted and amended), Solitude of Self, The Womens Bible (co-written), History of Womens Suffrage (co-written), Eighty Years and MoreAwards and Honors: Inducted into National Womens Hall of Fame (1973)Spouse: Henry Brewster StantonChildren: Daniel Cady Stanton, Henry Brewster Stanton, Jr., Gerrit Smith Stanton, Theodore Weld Stanton, Margaret Livingston Stanton, Harriet Eaton Stanton, and Robert Livingston StantonNotable Quote: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal. Early Life and Education Stanton was born in New York in 1815.  Her mother was Margaret Livingston and descended from Dutch, Scottish, and Canadian ancestors, including people who fought in the American Revolution. Her father was Daniel Cady, a descendant of early Irish and English colonists.  Daniel Cady was an attorney and judge. He served in the state assembly and in Congress. Elizabeth was among the younger siblings in the family, with one older brother and two older sisters living at the time of her birth (a sister and brother had died before her birth).  Two sisters and a brother followed. The only son of the family to survive to adulthood, Eleazar Cady, died at age 20. Her father was devastated by the loss of all his male heirs, and when young Elizabeth tried to console him, he said, I wish you were a boy.  This, she later said, motivated her to study and try to become the equal of any man. She was also influenced by her fathers attitude toward female clients.  As an attorney, he advised abused women to stay in their relationships because of legal barriers to divorce and to the control of property or wages after a divorce. Young Elizabeth studied at home and at the Johnstown Academy, and then was among the first generation of women to gain a higher education at the Troy Female Seminary, founded by Emma Willard. She experienced a religious conversion at school, influenced by the religious fervor of her time. But the experience left her fearful for her eternal salvation, and she had what was then called a nervous collapse. She later credited this with her lifelong distaste for most religions. Radicalization and Marriage Elizabeth may have been named for her mothers sister, Elizabeth Livingston Smith, who was the mother of Gerrit Smith.  Daniel and Margaret Cady were conservative Presbyterians, while cousin Gerrit Smith was a religious skeptic and abolitionist.  Young Elizabeth Cady stayed with the Smith family for some months in 1839, and it was there that she met Henry Brewster Stanton, known as an abolitionist speaker. Her father opposed their marriage because Stanton supported himself completely through the uncertain income of a traveling orator, working without pay for the American Anti-Slavery Society.  Even with her fathers opposition, Elizabeth Cady married abolitionist Henry Brewster Stanton in 1840.  By that time, shed already observed enough about the legal relationships between men and women to insist that the word obey be dropped from the ceremony. After the wedding, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her new husband departed for a trans-Atlantic voyage to England to attend the Worlds Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Both were appointed delegates of the American Anti-Slavery Society.  The convention denied official standing to women delegates, including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. When the Stantons returned home, Henry began to study law with his father-in-law.  Their family quickly grew.  Daniel Cady Stanton, Henry Brewster Stanton, and Gerrit Smith Stanton were already born by 1848; Elizabeth was the chief caregiver of them, and her husband was frequently absent with his reform work.  The Stantons moved to Seneca Falls, New York, in 1847. Womens Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott met again in 1848 and began planning for a womens rights convention to be held in Seneca Falls. That convention, including the Declaration of Sentiments written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and approved there, is credited with initiating the long struggle toward woman suffrage and womens rights. Stanton began writing frequently for womens rights, including advocating for womens property rights after marriage. After 1851, Stanton worked in close partnership with Susan B. Anthony. Stanton often served as the writer, since she needed to be home with her children, and Anthony was the strategist and public speaker in this effective working relationship. More children followed in the Stanton marriage, despite Anthonys eventual complaints that having these children was taking Stanton away from the important work of womens rights.  In 1851, Theodore Weld Stanton was born, then Margaret Livingston Stanton and Harriet Eaton Stanton. Robert Livingston Stanton, the youngest, was born in 1859. Stanton and Anthony continued to lobby in New York for womens rights, up until the Civil War. They won major reforms in 1860, including the right after divorce for a woman to have custody of her children and economic rights for married women and widows.  They were beginning to work for reform on New Yorks divorce laws when the Civil war began. Civil War Years and Beyond From 1862 to 1869, the Stantons lived in New York City and Brooklyn. During the Civil War, womens rights activity was largely stopped while the women who had been active in the movement worked in various ways first to support the war and then work for anti-slavery legislation after the war.   Elizabeth Cady Stanton  ran for Congress in 1866 in a bid to represent New Yorks 8th Congressional district. Women, including Stanton, were still not eligible to vote.  Stanton received 24 votes out of about 22,000 cast. Split Movement Stanton and Anthony proposed at the Anti-Slavery Society annual meeting in 1866 to form an organization that would focus on equality for women and African-Americans.  The American Equal Rights Association was the result, but it split apart in 1868 when some supported the 14th Amendment, which would establish rights for black males but would also add the word male to the Constitution for the first time, while others, including Stanton and Anthony, were determined to focus on female suffrage. Those who supported their stance founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and Stanton served as president. The rival American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) was founded by others, dividing the womens suffrage movement and its strategic vision for decades. During these years, Stanton, Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage organized efforts from 1876 to 1884 to lobby Congress to pass a national woman suffrage amendment to the constitution.  Stanton also lectured for the traveling public programs known as the lyceum circuit from 1869 to 1880.  After 1880, she lived with her children, sometimes abroad. She continued to write prolifically, including her work with Anthony and Gage from 1876 through 1882 on the first two volumes of the History of Woman Suffrage. They published the third volume in 1886. In these years, Stanton cared for her aging husband until his death in 1887. Merger When the NWSA and the AWSA finally merged in 1890, Elizabeth Cady Stanton served as the president of the resulting National American Woman Suffrage Association.  She was critical of the direction of the movement despite serving as president, as it sought southern support by aligning with those who opposed any federal interference in state limits on voting rights justified more and more the womens right to vote by asserting womens superiority.  She spoke before Congress in 1892, on The Solitude of Self. She published her autobiography Eighty Years and More in 1895. She became more critical of religion, publishing with others in 1898 a controversial critique of womens treatment by religion, The Womans Bible. Controversy, especially over that publication, alienated many in the suffrage movement from Stanton, as the more conservative majority of suffrage activists were concerned that such skeptical free thought ideas might lose precious support for suffrage. Death Elizabeth Cady Stanton spent her last years in ill health, increasingly hampered in her movements. She was unable to see by 1899 and died in New York on October 26, 1902, nearly 20 years before the United States granted women the right to vote. Legacy While Elizabeth Cady Stanton is best known for her long contribution to the woman suffrage struggle, she was also active and effective in winning property rights for married women, equal guardianship of children, and liberalized divorce laws. These reforms made it possible for women to leave marriages that were abusive of the wife or the children. Sources â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton.†Ã‚  National Womens History Museum.Ginzberg, Lori D. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life. Hill and Wang, 2010.

Service Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Service Quality Management - Essay Example It has got a shareholder determination from well-known centers named as Interfaith Center in responsibility of its corporation as well as the Alliance for environmentally responsible economics. Ford has agreed in publishing the first industry report, which is dedicated to the matters of environment change and the effects in their business also the automotive industry as a whole. Ford Company has also worked with Ceres, ICCR and other stakeholders (Media.ford.com, 2005). While focusing on the issues, which are not abstract at Ford that they are the third biggest automobile producer around the globe. They have produced and distributed automobiles in more than 200 markets around the globe. They have many employees’ no less than four hundred thousand people worldwide, they manufacture trucks, transmissions, forgings, castings, cars, metal stamping, engines and all types of equity preserved and combined project plants in the world. They use the energy to manufacturing their vehicle s and control, power Ford services caused approximately 10 million metric loads of carbon dioxide CO2 (Media.ford.com, 2005). ... FORD also participates in trading and dealing mechanisms in all Europe as well as in North America of carbon dioxide CO2. The percentage of energy obtain from the renewable resources have been increased. It has also declared the first large scale which is known as fumes to fuels a cell project that would change captured volatile organic compounds VOCs from paint plant emissions to electrical power operations and would decrease all the emissions. They will also offset carbon dioxide CO2 emitted in the manufacture of their FORD as well as for Mercury Hybrid Technology Vehicles (Dolan and Stoll, 2009). It seems to be proud that FORD’s accomplishment in decreasing carbon dioxide CO2 from their procedures and have got advantage from energies expense savings that usually go with it. It has been recognized that about 10 percent of the period green-house gases GHG from any vehicle befall throughout its manufacture. And the rest of the 90 percent ascribed to the entire vehicle is emitt ed while the consumer is using it, when burning the gasoline, diesel from the fossil fuel causes (Brettell, 2008). FORD take wide range of activities that assist decrease the green-house gases emissions of their vehicle fleet in enhancing their hybrid listing to inspiring much use of Ethanol fuel, to shifting their mixture of the products to much fuel well organized cars, to refining and improving the proficiency of unoriginal diesel and gasoline engines, to levitating the consciousness of the customers (greencarcongress.com, 2005). As we know that many of them stakeholders imagine spelling out exact targets and milestones for better improvements into the fleet fuel proficiency of their products. It is highly competitive industry that there consecutive to be too extensive a

Living at the Crossroads Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Living at the Crossroads - Article Example Subsequently, the authors have demonstrated their remarkable historical perspective by helping us to trace the deep roots of our modern Western worldview which they believed was shaped by the â€Å"Reformed intellectual tradition†. In this perspective, the authors have tried to help us apprehend where we have come from and where we want to go. This made them believe that the gospel is always contextualized. However, according to Nietzsche in his book ‘ON the Genealogy of Morality,’ he objects Christianity as he saw Christianity as dogma set forth by institutes like churches and this ideology has failed to represent the life of â€Å"Living at the Crossroads†. The reason that made Nietzsche perceive Christianity as untrue is the contrast he made between the Christians life to that of Jesus, and this made him view Jesus as a distinctive individual who initiated his own ethical evaluations compared to Christians who lack it. Therefore, Nietzsche contends that if Christians lack their moral value then they are misguided and lack focus with the way the world certainly functions. Above all, Goheen and Bartholomew have clearly used biblical overview and historical perspective to teach us that Jesus is in every domain of human society. Therefore, living at the Crossroads is basic for Christian. This is supported by the sheer fact that Christianity has been recording its most dynamic growth in Latin America as they have tried to justify political authority deprived of continually invoking religion and God.

Liberal Arts Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Liberal Arts Studies - Essay Example His views have more to do with how one is perceived as opposed to how thing really are. As a result, morality and immorality is not as black and white as Cicero sees it. In a society where there is a lot of crime and strife, Machiavelli’s views could be seen as both ethical and practical. If a large majority of the people are immoral, it would seem that the moral minority would be constantly taken advantage of. Therefore, people may justify that in order to merely survive; a person must be willing to take advantage of those that would constantly take advantage of them. Morality is bended all the time in real life. Much of this bending is a result of a desire for money, influence, power, and fame. A professional usually won’t tell a big lie but will often tell what are known as little â€Å"white lies.† These lies are prevalent in business and society in general. Cicero would argue that a true professional would never bend their personal morality for gain, althoug h he does argue for the importance of self-interest as long as it doesn’t harm others. In this sense, one could justify telling a â€Å"white lie† as long as it doesn’t harm anyone. Machiavelli would view this behavior as ethical because he feels it is more realistic. Unlike Cicero, Machiavelli would say that the ends do indeed justify the means and that if someone is able to gain and maintain power the means they used to do it are justified.

Philosophers Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophers Biography - Essay Example Plato‘s father name was Ariston and his mother was namely Perictione. Plato had three other siblings which includes two brothers namely Adeimantus and Glaucon, and a sister namely Potone. After the death of Plato’s father, his mother went through second marriage with Pyrilampes by which Plato got two half brothers namely Demus and Antiphon. Plato had received his early education on subjects ranging from sciences to gymnastics. Plato had even taken part in isthmian games held during that era. Plato was a deep and sincere follower of Socrates and was highly affected from his personality. Plato has also been mentioned in one of Socrates dialogue as a youth that was so close to him that if Socrates wished to debase Plato, it would have been done with rather eases (Kahn 329) Plato had also travelled to many places to quench his thirst of knowledge. He founded an Academy in Syracuse to enable the western civilization to learn modern educational knowledge. After the formation of Academy, Plato engulfed himself in politics of Syracuse. Plato discusses in his philosophy that his bond with his father was not very much strong. He believed that in order to prosper a relation sincere hearts are required rather than relation of blood. He was so demoralized with the relation that he held with his father that he considered his children to be â€Å"father-less† having himself been deprived of such a relation, he could not provide it to his generation. Instead Plato’s bonding with Socrates became rather powerful. Together they defined and discussed even criticized each other on various subjects for example art, physics, love, wisdom and much more. The topic for their dispute was often on origin of poetry. They shared a unique relation where experiences together brought wisdom. Plato had put forward theory of ideas, which he had also mentioned in his dialogues. It focused that the World we live in is temporary or rather an image. There is a

Entrepreneurship & Innovation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Entrepreneurship & Innovation - Dissertation Example As of 2010, more than half a billion people have embarked on new entrepreneurial ventures. One of these extraordinary entrepreneurs is Arthur Lok Jack. Arthur Lok Jack is an entrepreneur who possesses the following characteristics: risk-taker; innovative; has foresight and vision; resourceful; persistent; ambitious, intelligent and knowledgeable; hard-working; realistic; adaptable; business savvy; and practices networking. Risk-taking Risk-taking among entrepreneurs involves taking calculated actions designed to control and minimize the risks involved, at the same time ensuring that goals are achieved. This behaviour sets entrepreneurs apart from gamblers who depend on chance and from individuals who prefer to â€Å"play it safe† (Joseph 2003). Risk-taking behaviour is viewed as beneficial, as revealed in the positive association between risk and output wherein a higher level of risk increases the likelihood of getting impressive results (Analoui & Karami 2003). Penrose (1959) asserted that entrepreneurship involves determining opportunities within the economic system, including those which entail a high amount of risk. Rauch and Frese (2007) attributed risk-taking behaviour on the entrepreneur’s propensity to make decisions on situations which show low likelihood of success. This behaviour makes entrepreneurs stand out compared to risk-averse individuals. However, risk-taking may have different interpretations. For example, ordinary consumers might view such behaviour as reckless. On the other hand, business owners consider risk-taking as a move to minimize risk when making business decisions. Innovativeness Entrepreneurs constantly strive to find ways to develop and introduce new and unique products and services. Innovation may come in five forms: (1) introduction of a new product or improvement in the quality of existing ones; (2) new methods of production; (3) opening of new market; (4) new source of supply or raw materials or half-manufacture d goods; and (5) new industrial organization (Joseph 2003). Schumpeter (1935) envisioned an entrepreneur as an economic agent capable of creating novel combinations of production factors in response to investment opportunities. An entrepreneur is viewed as an indispensable element of the capitalist economy who embodies the principles of capitalist change, as well as industrial and technological change. There is mounting evidence that entrepreneurial innovativeness is significantly correlated to success. This applies to innovation on a personal and organizational level. Organizational level of innovation reflects how innovative an entrepreneur is. The relationship between innovation and success can be predominantly observed on new technology organizations compared to traditional industries (Rauch & Frese 2007). Rutherford and Holt’s (2007) investigation on the link between individual and corporate-level innovativeness pointed out two important facts. First, innovativeness is b ased on a personal willingness to develop and introduce improvements and innovations in work process. Second, individual focus on innovativeness is suggested since entrepreneurial activities are created and implemented by individuals. Foresight and vision Entrepreneurs are visionaries, able to foresee where the company should be in the future. Gillespie-Brown (2008) describes how an entrepreneur envisions the: (1) future of existing products and services; (2) reinvention of the business; and (3) generation of opportunities in present markets. Bellini (2005) defined foresight

Middle-Range Theory Application Assignment Research Paper

Middle-Range Theory Application Assignment - Research Paper Example This paper focuses on the Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery (Barker, 2001) which is considered as the first model for recovery developed by nurses and practitioners (Brookes, 2006). Over the past decades, psychiatry was mainly focused on the things that were done to the patients, and not with them. Mental illness was contained in order to significantly reduce the disturbances; however, by the end of the 20th century, the belief that professionals can sort out psychiatric problems was dramatically declining (Davidson & Strauss, 1992). With this, the concept of recovery as well as it focus on values had been highlighted, which has driven Barker (2001) to come up with the Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery.   The philosophy behind this approach was initially driven by research about what individuals need for mental health care. The theorist was encouraged to establish a theory focusing on values as a component of recovery-focused practice, due to the fact that traditional scientific approaches have not been able to address all mental health issues, especially recovery. Generally, the Tidal approach places emphasis on how professionals and practitioners can mo dify care to work with each individual’s needs as well as his story and experiences so the person can be capable of paving the way for recovery (Buchanan-Barker & Barker, 2008). The person plays the main role in the recovery process, though a practitioner can help release the potential for recovery of the individual. The Tidal model is the first model of mental health recovery based on research that has also been developed by nurses as well as the support of individuals who have used or have been using psychiatric services (Brookes, 2006). Numerous approaches on recovery often put emphasis on self-management with which people are helped so they can manage their symptoms and develop plans in order to achieve

Philosophers Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophers Biography - Essay Example Plato‘s father name was Ariston and his mother was namely Perictione. Plato had three other siblings which includes two brothers namely Adeimantus and Glaucon, and a sister namely Potone. After the death of Plato’s father, his mother went through second marriage with Pyrilampes by which Plato got two half brothers namely Demus and Antiphon. Plato had received his early education on subjects ranging from sciences to gymnastics. Plato had even taken part in isthmian games held during that era. Plato was a deep and sincere follower of Socrates and was highly affected from his personality. Plato has also been mentioned in one of Socrates dialogue as a youth that was so close to him that if Socrates wished to debase Plato, it would have been done with rather eases (Kahn 329) Plato had also travelled to many places to quench his thirst of knowledge. He founded an Academy in Syracuse to enable the western civilization to learn modern educational knowledge. After the formation of Academy, Plato engulfed himself in politics of Syracuse. Plato discusses in his philosophy that his bond with his father was not very much strong. He believed that in order to prosper a relation sincere hearts are required rather than relation of blood. He was so demoralized with the relation that he held with his father that he considered his children to be â€Å"father-less† having himself been deprived of such a relation, he could not provide it to his generation. Instead Plato’s bonding with Socrates became rather powerful. Together they defined and discussed even criticized each other on various subjects for example art, physics, love, wisdom and much more. The topic for their dispute was often on origin of poetry. They shared a unique relation where experiences together brought wisdom. Plato had put forward theory of ideas, which he had also mentioned in his dialogues. It focused that the World we live in is temporary or rather an image. There is a

Middle-Range Theory Application Assignment Research Paper

Middle-Range Theory Application Assignment - Research Paper Example This paper focuses on the Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery (Barker, 2001) which is considered as the first model for recovery developed by nurses and practitioners (Brookes, 2006). Over the past decades, psychiatry was mainly focused on the things that were done to the patients, and not with them. Mental illness was contained in order to significantly reduce the disturbances; however, by the end of the 20th century, the belief that professionals can sort out psychiatric problems was dramatically declining (Davidson & Strauss, 1992). With this, the concept of recovery as well as it focus on values had been highlighted, which has driven Barker (2001) to come up with the Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery.   The philosophy behind this approach was initially driven by research about what individuals need for mental health care. The theorist was encouraged to establish a theory focusing on values as a component of recovery-focused practice, due to the fact that traditional scientific approaches have not been able to address all mental health issues, especially recovery. Generally, the Tidal approach places emphasis on how professionals and practitioners can mo dify care to work with each individual’s needs as well as his story and experiences so the person can be capable of paving the way for recovery (Buchanan-Barker & Barker, 2008). The person plays the main role in the recovery process, though a practitioner can help release the potential for recovery of the individual. The Tidal model is the first model of mental health recovery based on research that has also been developed by nurses as well as the support of individuals who have used or have been using psychiatric services (Brookes, 2006). Numerous approaches on recovery often put emphasis on self-management with which people are helped so they can manage their symptoms and develop plans in order to achieve

Tourism Essay Example for Free

Tourism Essay An ‘issue’ is a topic for discussion and debate – something which is viewed differently by different people. Its effects spread far and wide and, although many people have their viewpoints, there seem to be no simple solutions or remedies. Many issues come to prominence through speciï ¬ c events. The 9/11 al-Qaeda attack in 2001, for example, was one such event,  or the London bombings of July 2005. It is important that you distinguish between such events and the underlying issue – terrorism. The factors affecting the travel and tourism industry may be political or they may be inï ¬â€šuenced by worldwide economic developments, or they may be climatic, or even tectonic, such as witnessed by the tsunami disaster in 2004, which claimed the lives of around 300,000 people. This disaster, along with climatic phenomena such as hurricanes will be discussed, together with the broader issue of global warming and how this will affect the industry now and in the future. Advances in the ICT industry are having a profound effect on all our lives and some of these issues will be investigated, particularly the emergence of e-tourism which is leading to changes in the structure of the travel and tourism industry. For some organisations in the industry, globalisation appears to be the most proï ¬ table solution, and we study the growth of the global conglomerates which are starting to appear, from hotel chains to tour operators. The increasing number of acts of terrorism, such and those in New York, Bali, Madrid, Egypt and London – and the constant fear in many other areas – are investigated. But it is not just what humanity will do to itself that is a threat to travel and tourism – it is also the spread of diseases, such as SARS and avian ï ¬â€šu, and how this threat affects people’s attitudes to travel that we will cover in this unit. It is clear that international relations can have a positive or negative effect on travel and tourism. Wars have an immediate adverse effect, and may limit tourism in an area for decades – as has happened in the Middle East. Political stability can only help the ï ¬â€šow of tourists – as shown by the growing numbers of travellers who have chosen to holiday in America or Australia over the last few decades. Many people in the world’s less developed countries (LDCs) are often dependent on tourism for their livelihoods, so anyth ing that affects the industry can have dramatic effect on them. Areas of Africa and South America, as well the Far East will be examined in this unit. The Industry Focus is an interview with David Harris – a typical world traveller – who shares his opinions on many  of the current issues in travel and tourism.

Detail Explanation And Statistics Of Gangsterism Education Essay

Detail Explanation And Statistics Of Gangsterism Education Essay Problem of gangsterism always concerned by the society, because it is the problem linked to young people. According to the legal dictionary, gangsterism which is a group of three or more people who form in the illegal organization. Those peoples like to stick together and establishment of an assemblage to do something consider as crime in their daily life. Examples are they extort money from shop owners, hawkers and others, receive payment by threatening others or to beat someone up for fun. At the beginning, maybe they are just scrawl in a public place, stealing, speaking vulgar words, force someone to join their own gang and destroy public property. When goes worse they could involve in selling drugs or illegal pills, fighting with others, provide a loan to people, operate gambling house. All this can make them have rest of life in jail or face the death penalty. 2.0 Detail Explanation and statistics of gangsterism According to Utusan Malaysia (1998), the social phenomenon of gangstersim has shown to increase the rate of vandalism threatening and drug addicts among the teenagers.Nowadys, gangsters are a threat to society and people. Gangs also become more dangerous and wild. A gangster is a member of a gang and some of the gangs areconsidering being part of organized crime. Gangsters are also call mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix. The statistical figure was brought out by Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin during the Parliamentary session on June 9, 2010 portrays thenumber of students who involved with gangsterism. From the figure, it stated that thenumber of students nearly doubled since 2005.It begins with 32 cases recorded and the numbers reach its high peak on 2008 with the value of 81.Although the number had slightly decreased to 60 cases in 2009 but the number still considered high compared to the earlier cases recorded in 2005.As for figure which provided by ACP Amar Singh Sidhu on his journal title, Journal of the Kuala Lumpur Royal Malaysia Police College, No.4 on 2005, it reveal that majority of delinquents detained in the rehabilitation centre was from India races with the number of 316 people. On the other hand, both Malay and Chinese represent the similar number with 111 people for each race to be detained. 2.1Causes of Gangsterism Time has changed, so do the social issues. Problems arising among the youth are at the alarming state. Most of the teenagers that involved in gangsterism are getting younger and younger, probably from the ages of ten to sixteen years old. Theres many factor to lead the teenagers step in the path of gangsterism. 2.1.1 Caused by the surrounding Many people feel that gangsterism is caused by the teenagers oneself. But, these facts were actually causes by the surrounding matters of the teenagers. Such like the peoples they met in daily, the activity they used to do after school, and the relationship between teenager and their family. The purpose of teenagers is to attract others attention and to protect them because they feel alone, lack of attention and caring from others. So they started to do some gangsters activities to the environment just trying to attract other peoples attention. 2.1.2Caused by school mates and friends Next, in most case,those who involves in gang activities are influenced by their school mates and friends who is also involved in such of activities. Their friends lead them to do the gangs activities such as extort money from others, fighting with the others gang members and received payment from threatening others. During the period, teenagers are very sensitive. In order to they want get respect from their friends, they join the gangs. So, the teenagers are affected by their friends and start to do some gangs activities with them in school. Then they will bully the othersstudents in school or after school. 2.1.3Caused by multimedia Besides, teenagers may also be instilled by the media to become gangster. Nowadays, multimedia such as internet, television and radio are very popular and common among to the teenagers. However, there are many dramas and movies that show out gangsters activities and some even built the character of the gangster as a hero. At the end, the teenagers start to copy the character in the gangsters movie and learn some bad attitude and critical thinking. 2.1.4Caused by parents On the other hand, some teenagers are not good in social activities and they are bore with the family members. To the last they join gangsterism because wanted to attract others attention and no longer feel alone .This idea probably because of their parents are busy with own work or teenager are from single parent family, so they are lack of concerned by their parents. They desire to get attention and caring that could not get from parents or elder when they start to feel helpless and lonely. This is the reason why they join gangsterism. 2.2 Effects of Gangsterism No matter what are the reasons for teenagers to involve in gangsterism, it willbring many negative effects to the teenagers themselves and also to the society. So, there are many effects of gangsterism like towards individual, parents and society. 2.2.1Effect towards individual First of all is the effect towards individual. The teenagers who involve themselves with gangsterism will face bad consequences in their life including have an uncertain future, ignore from others people and their future might be threatened due to the result of their behavior. They will detained because somehow they able to create the chaotic scene in their surroundings. This will also affect their life as they unable to perform well and they will not graduate successfully in their study and they might spend their years in juvenile school. Research shows that teenagers who involve themselves in gang have no real friends in school and are only respected by his group of gangster friends since they always stick together to do illegal activities. 2.2.2Effect towards parents Next, the effects towards parents. In the environment of family, their parents have to face the bad criticism from others people because of their childrens behavior. Most probably, parents might be insulted or become the subject of hatred by others in their surroundings. They also might be blame on what their children had done to the peoples. Some of the parents are trying hard to encourage their children quit gangs in order to make them back to their right path. Although some of them are fail. 2.2.3Effect towards community Peoples are so worrying about the gangsters activities become more and more active in the town. As a result, the society becomes not peaceful anymore and everyone needs to aware of gangsters activities that take place in their town and they will feel insecure with the threatened over this matter because the surrounding is not the safe place anymore due to the violent act of gangster. Their behavior of gangster might endanger their life.Besides that, number of crime in the town increasing as the result of number of teenage gangsters increase. 2.3Recommendations and Preventive Measures In conclusion, gangsterism is caused by many causes and factors. No matter caused bysurrounding, parents, friends or media.Gangsterism also brings a lot of negative effects to the teenagers and the society. So to curb these social ill, parents, educators and community should be aware of what is going on among the youths. Though there are various psychological and physical factors that caused a person to choose to become a gang member, so parents or guardians should help them to give their children with love, respect and always to be concerned them to reduce they join gangsterism. They should provide their children with a good religious and moral background. Thus, teenagersshould also control themselves then often join some healthy social activities such as sports, jungle trekking with friends and listening to the music. So they can far away from gang activities. The parents also must teach them the value of money since they are in puberty, so do not spoil them with a big allowance. B esides, the parents also can set a curfew for their own children so they dont go back home lately. Then they always want be aware of changes in their children whether its their behavior or attitude when they come back from school or the other places. The teenagers also should be caution to choose friends in school or in community.It would be best not to make friends which they involved in gangs activities. The teenagers also avoid visiting discos, snooker and gaming centers because there got many unhealthy activities and gang members. The teenagers also must always think positive in their life. If face any problems in studies or life, they can find their parents, teachers or counselors to solve the problems. They are willing to help the teenagers and enlighten them well with right path and givegoodadvice to them. We must maintain the safety of community in our life and decrease theactivities of gangsterism. 3.0 Introduction to Information Technology According to the Wikipedia, definition of Information Technology is nothing but technology which deals with information. In broaden sense information technology refers to combination of software and hardware products and services that people use to manage, access, communicate, and share information.Therefore,Information Technology is that technology by which the information is processed,communicated,exhibite and retrieved in a fast, error-fee and proper-way. Information Technology also can said is a technology in with both telecommunication computer technologies work together to supply founding.The term Information Technology or simply know as IT is a generic name given to all development that are taking place in our world due to the inter-linked advancement in technology, learning and information. Then, the term refers to modern technological developments that are taking place in the world as a result or better technology due to better information. 4.0Presentation and Analysis of Findings Nowadays, the community becomes more small and small because any information or latest news can be exchanged and spread by people in a few minutes toanother people in the Information Technology. All of this has been possible through ITlike telephone, fax, telex, computers, internet, e-mail, photocopler, printer, scanner, cellularphones, videophone, pagers, multimedia, digital camera, etc.Of course, IT also includedFacebook, twitter, Gmail, YouTube, Google and so on also had influenced to a collegestudent. So that can said our age is known as the age of IT world. IT revolution issweeping our culture to bring about unfathomable changes today. Thats why twentyfirst century belongs to the IT world now. The issue about Information Technology provides powerful catalyst for change.According to the Gloria Hancock, acting executive director of the New Jersey Juvenile Justice Commission, said that emphasized the value of evidence based programs in helping prepare young people in the justice sy stem to function as constructive citizens. Hancock mentioned that Gov. Chris Christies proclamation making September Recovery Month is a sign that there is increasing awareness that education can change lives.Col. Thomas A. Kolditz, Ph.D., head of the department of behavior science and leadership at the U.S. Military Academy, also said, I believe future leaders must be good listeners who use external input as a catalyst. Open-minded learners make great leaders. The ability to listen to one another may be the key to survival in this fast-changing world. 4.1 Advantages of Information Technology Todays world is the world of information and telecommunication.Now, we just want press any button then we can get any information that we want know from everywhere in the world. There are some advantages of information technology to a college student. 4.1.1 Get the information easily First of all, I can get their information and news from IT. I search from the internet because there have many details and data as a reference resource for me when I am doing my assignments, presentation, investigation reports and homework. 4.1.2 Improve knowledge Through the information technology, I will improve my knowledge too since IT always provide healthy and good materials to me. So I will learn some new things and knowledge from there. My knowledge is increasing day by day due to the development of Information Technology. 4.1.3 Communicate around the world Information Technology changed our life to make it easier to communicate between each other such as nowadays I want to contact my friends which are in different country in the world. So I will use IT to contact them and keep in touch with them although they are in different country in the world. Besides that, I also make new friends which come from different country in the world through the information technology like Facebook, Twitter, and so on. So that I can learn different culture, language and race from my friends around the world. Information Technology promotes a good relationship with me and my friends. Sometimes just sending email, follow Facebook status and Twitter also can know about each others situation. 4.2 Disadvantages of Information technology to a college student. Information Technology has become a very important part for our life. Advancements in information technology have many good advantages on society; however, this has not come without its downsides. 4.2.1Waste much time and energy First, I waste much time on Information Technology such as playing games and Facebook. I would be speed too many hours on IT to do useless things. Playing games can be allowing me to more relax but sometimes I had abused it from day to midnight. However, I also waste my energy due to they put more effort on the IT that not assist in their studies. Therefore I definitely lose their force and resources. 4.2.2 Addicted in Information Technology This is also a disadvantage of Information Technology to a college student. Sometimes I face to the IT constantly and is addicted to playing games or playing with a group of friends in cyber cafà ©. Some of the students also will gamble about the games whether they win or not. When long time ago, we will addict in IT and will less get attention in our study. 4.2.3 Effect body and brain health Due to face to the Information Technology for long-term, which could be effect bodys healthy and have some trouble in the body. If maintain to face IT in all the time, it will bring many diseases in the end. So it would be best to discover and to be able to rescue it in time. 4.2.4 Provide laziness Information Technology has made our life more comfortable because we can access information easily and it can help us to save more time but it provides laziness. For example, when a student has a research in school or at home, all he is going to type the words in the internet and they will copy and paste the information and prints it out, rather than they will borrow books from the library and reads it one by one. So, they are getting lazy and importance of books in our life is fading away slowly from now. 4.3 Conclusion and Recommendations Information (IT) is playing a very necessary character in our life today since IT provides us a convenient, easily and rapidly network application to us. Like example, we can use Global Positioning System (GPS) to forecast our location when we are losing our ways on the road or find out the accurate place to arrive our destination. For students, they can explore for any information and data through the information technology to solve their problems and doubts. IT has many advantages to ours if we can use IT correctly. But some of the students misuse the IT that playing games non-stop, searching for sexual film without parents and gambling for some football games through the network. So their parents should control them strictly and teach them with the true IT knowledge. Information Technology also supply for the purpose of business, management, banking, hotel and etc to fulfill their own objective. Development of IT has more and more progress to become a successful IT world for the c oming generations. Finally, our country will turn into a development IT country.